Splitting in Borderline Personality Disorder

Splitting in Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Print Splitting and Borderline Personality Disorder A defense mechanism where everything is black or white By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on July 28, 2019 More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Examples of Splitting Features Diagnosis Care and Coping Emergencies View All Back To Top Splitting is a term used in psychiatry to describe the inability to hold opposing thoughts, feelings, or beliefs. Some might say that a person who splits sees the world in terms of black or white, all or nothing. Its a distorted way of thinking in which the positive or negative attributes of a person or event are neither weighed nor cohesive. Verywell / Hugo Lin   Splitting and Borderline Personality Disorder Splitting is considered a defense mechanism by which people with borderline personality disorder (BPD)  can view people, events, or even themselves in all or nothing terms.?? Splitting allows them to readily discard things they have assigned as bad and to embrace things they consider good, even if those things are harmful or risky. Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder Examples of Splitting Splitting can interfere with relationships and lead to intense and self-destructive behaviors. A person who splits will typically frame people or events in terms that are absolute with no middle ground for discussion?? . Examples include: Things are either always or neverPeople can either be evil and crooked or angels and perfectOpportunities can either have no risk or be a complete conScience, history, or news is either a complete fact or a complete lieWhen things go wrong, a person will feel cheated, ruined, or screwed What makes splitting all the more confusing is that the belief can sometimes be iron-clad or shift back-and-forth from one moment to the next. People who split are often seen to be overly dramatic or overwrought, especially when declaring that things have either completely fallen apart or completely turned around. Such behavior can be exhausting to those around them. Accompanying Features   By itself, splitting may seem almost commonplace, a behavior easily attributed to any number of individuals we know and maybe even ourselves. However, splitting in BPD is considered a consistent and distorted behavior usually accompanied by other symptoms?? , such as: Acting out (acting without consideration to consequences)Passive aggression (an indirect expression of hostility)Denial (consciously ignoring a fact or reality)Projection (assigning an undesirable emotion to someone else)Omnipotence (the belief that you possess superiority in intelligence or power)Emotional hypochondriasis (trying to get others to understand how severe your emotional pain is)Projective identification (denying your own feelings, projecting them onto someone else, and then behaving toward that person in a way that forces them to respond to you  with the feelings you projected onto them) How BPD Is Diagnosed A BPD diagnosis can only be made by a qualified mental health specialist. To make the diagnosis, the doctor would need to confirm five of nine symptoms outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), including:?? Intense and stormy relationships that involve splittingFeeling persistently empty or boredA warped view of yourself that affects your emotions, values, moods, and relationshipsImpulsive behavior, such as abusing substances or driving recklesslyAnger issues, such as violent outbursts followed by extreme guilt and remorseExtreme attempts to avoid abandonment or extreme feelings of abandonmentSuicidal thoughts and/or self-harming behaviorsExtreme depression, anxiety, or irritability that can persist for hours and daysFeeling dissociated from yourself, including paranoia and amnesia Caring for a Loved One With BPD There is no easy answer on how to deal with a loved one who has BPD, especially when symptoms are extreme. How you cope depends largely on the nature of your relationship and the impact your loved ones symptoms are having on your family. However, there are some guiding principles that may help, including:?? Cultivate empathy. Start by reminding yourself that splitting is part of the disorder. While certain actions may seem intentional and manipulative, your loved one is not doing any of this to gain satisfaction. These are simply defense mechanisms he or she turns to whenever he or she feels defenseless.Try to manage your response. If your loved one has BPD, keep in mind that you are in the better position to control your temper. Yelling or engaging in hostility will only serve to make the situation even worse.Remind your loved one that you care. People with BPD are often terrified of being rejected or abandoned. Knowing that someone cares often helps reduce the splitting behavior.Maintain lines of communication. Discussing a situation when it happens allows you to isolate that event rather than piling one situation on top of the next. Failure to communicate only serves to fuel your loved ones rejection anxiety.Set boundaries. Dealing with the challenges of BPD is one thing; becoming th e object of abuse is another. Always set limits with a loved one who has BPD. If that line is ever crossed, explain why you are backing away and try to do so dispassionately. Setting boundaries helps preserve the relationship rather than challenging it.Encourage and support treatment.  Your loved one can live a better life with treatment, which may include medication and/or talk therapy, most likely dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Encourage him or her to start or continue with treatment and learn everything you can about what he or she is going through. If needed, participate in therapy with your loved one.Take care of yourself. This may include finding your own therapist to help you balance your needs along with those of your loved one. When BPD Harms Your Well-Being There may be times where you will need to take more drastic action. In the event that the relationship is harming your family, your work, and your sense of well-being, you may be faced with the reality that the relationship cannot continue.?? While this is an incredibly painful choice for everyone involved, it can also be the most healthy in some cases. If needed, this decision should be made with the help of a qualified mental health professional.

Woolly Worm Caterpillars and Winter Forecasts and Folklore

Every October, NOAAs Climate Prediction Center releases a winter outlook to give the public the best possible scientific prediction of how the winter may shape up across the nation; but in the pre-NOAA days, folks got this same information from a more humble source--the Woolly Bear caterpillar.  Ã‚   Called woolly bears in the Midwest and Northeast, and woolly worms in the Southern U.S., Woolly Bear caterpillars are the larvae of Isabella tiger moths. Theyre common to the United States, northern Mexico, and the southern third of Canada, and are easily recognized by their short, stiff bristles of reddish-brown  and black fur. How to Read a Woollys Colors According to folklore, the woolly worms coloring is said to indicate how severe  the coming winter will be in the local area  where the caterpillar  is found.  The Woolly Bear caterpillars body  has 13 distinct segments. According to weather lore, each one corresponds to one of the 13 weeks of winter. Each black band  represents one week of colder, snowier, and more severe winter conditions, whereas orange bands indicate  that many weeks of milder temperatures. (Some even believe that the position of the bands which part of winter. For example, if the tail end of the caterpillar is black, it means that winters end will be severe.)  Ã‚   Two other versions  of this folklore exist. The first relates the severity of winter to  the thickness of the caterpillars coat. (Thicker coats signal  colder winters, and a sparse coat, milder winters.)  The final  variation deals with the direction in which the caterpillar  crawls. (If a woolly crawls in a southerly direction it means hes trying to escape the cold winter conditions of the north. If he travels on a northward path, that indicates a mild winter.)    Significance of Solid-Colored Woolly Worms Not all woolly worms have alternating orange  and black markings. Occasionally, youll spot one thats all brown, all black, or solid white. Like their brown and black relatives, they too have : Orange:  Just as reddish-brown segments signal a week of mild temperatures, an all brown caterpillar  suggests  an overall mild winter with above-normal temperatures and insignificant snowfall.Black: An all black caterpillar  signals the onset of a very hard upcoming winter.White (sand-colored): White woolly worms are said to predict winter snowfall. Spotting one is supposedly a strong indicator that heavier than average snows --  or even a blizzard  -- can be expected in the region during the winter season.   How Fame Found the Woolly Worm The woolly worms talent was first discovered in the late 1940s by Dr. Charles Curran, former curator of insects at New York City’s Museum of Natural History. As the story goes, Dr. Curran measured the coloration of woolly bear caterpillars between 1948 and 1956  at  Bear Mountain State Park. During those years, he found that 5.3 to 5.6 of the observed caterpillars 13 body segments were  orange. As his counts suggested, the winters for each of those years turned out to  indeed be  mild.  A reporter friend of Currans leaked his  forecasts to a NYC newspaper,  and  the  publicity the story  generated made woolly  bear caterpillars a household name. Is the Folklore True? Dr. Curran found that the width of reddish-brown fur correctly matched the winter type with 80% accuracy. While his data samples were small, for some people this was enough to legitimize  the folklore.  However, for the majority of todays  professionals, it isnt sufficient data. They argue that not only is a woolly bears coloring  based on its age and species, but also  that it would take researching an awful lot of caterpillars in one place over a great many years in order to make any conclusions about  woollys and  winter weather. One thing most can agree on is that regardless of whether or not the folklore is true,  its a harmless and fun autumn tradition to take part in. When and Where  to Spot  Woolly Worms Woolly worms are usually seen  in autumn  on sidewalks and  roadways.  If you do meet one, dont expect it to hang around for long. Woollys are busy creatures, always on-the-go  searching for a cozy home underneath a rock or log to overwinter in. They  move  pretty fast too (as worms go)!  Ã‚   One sure-fire  way to meet a woolly is to attend a  woolly worm festival. 2016  Woolly Worm Festivals Like  the  groundhog, woolly worms have become so  popular, several festivals have sprouted up across the United States to honor them. The  longest-running festivals are celebrated in:   Vermilion, Ohio. Ohios annual  Woollybear Festival  is one of the longest-running in the US. The festival started more than four decades ago, when  TV weatherman, Mr. Dick Goddard, proposed the idea of a celebration built around using the worm to forecast the upcoming winter. He still hosts the festival to this day.  This years festival is scheduled to be held October 2, 2016. Banner Elk, North  Carolina.  Held every third weekend in October.  This years 39th Annual Woolly Worm festival dates are October 15-16, 2016.   Beattyville, Kentucky. Beattyvilles Woolly Worm Festival is always the last full weekend in October.  This years 29th annual festival will take place October 21-23,  2016.   Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Currently in its 19th year, this years festival will take place on October 15, 2016. If youre a fan of woolly worm festivals, let us also recommend these weather-focused festivals.

Supply Chain Task 2 - 1190 Words

Supply Chain Task 2 A. 1. As I began my journey as a new business owner of a computer company I needed to define my company s goals, decide which direction I wanted to take the company to and create a mission statement that will best represent my company. Since the company was new I needed to come up with something catchy and promising that would invite potential clients to find out more about the products we offer. Since there were more participants in this game and from my professional experience I learned that staying on the same path and making advancements is more beneficial than trying to change directions every time. In this case I remained focused on the same two groups for the remaining 3†¦show more content†¦My last choice was South America even though the expenses were not as high but it is less demanding since the poverty is significantly high. As expected, choosing my locations in this order was a success. 4. Marketing research could definitely be improved since I was not as successful as I was hoping to be. Most of my business was coming from direct sales and not as much from other advertising. I did not want to invest large amounts of money on the popular magazines since the fee was very high and I was concentrating on more common papers such as Science Magazines and business papers. Maybe I should have been more adventurous and invest in more popular magazines but I was afraid that I would suffer financially. Also I was not able to come up with a very catchy advertising line to attract potential clients and was scoring somewhat low on the advertising review. B. One of the most important decisions I made was to invest in international markets. Since Mercedes is from Germany and its factories are in the US I felt as investing in a European market would be a good idea simply because I come from Europe and I know that Mercedes is in demand as well as there are a lot of companies in need of a highly developed machine that can make their discoveries and creations a lot easier. I was a little hesitant about opening offices in Tokyo since their technology is very advanced and cost is very high. But because of that I decided to stand with competition faceShow MoreRelatedFmcg Supply Chain- Managing Complexity1446 Words   |  6 PagesFMCG SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGING COMPLEXITY â€Å"Managing Complexity†: Managing complexity can be explained clearly with the help of following trends- 1) Increasing Number of Products and Services: With the increasing consumerism and competition among the organizations to attract more and more customers, customer has become more demanding and uncompromising. 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Or Part of Supply Chain (Manufacturing) Perspectives on purchasing 1 As a function – To perform specialised tasks 2 As a process – To achieve an output 3 As a link in the supply chain 4 As a relationship 5 As a discipline – Knowledge based 6 As a profession – Demonstrable skills and knowledge – With production and warehousing – Internal and external focus 3 SCM activitiesRead MoreThe Supplier Chain Operations Reference Model Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is SCOR? The Supplier Chain Operations Reference model (SCOR) is a set of clearly defined, interconnected concepts used to evaluate and compare supply chain processes within an organization, industry or business sector. It was created by the Supply Chain Council in 1996 the year the council was organized. The Supply Chain Council is a global, non-profit trade association. In 2014 the Supply Chain Council merged with APICS a professional association of supply chain and operations management.

Lab Report Template Free Essays

————————————————- [Overtype title of experiment here] ————————————————- Experiment conducted on [overtype date of experiment here] ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Module title: EUC_4_005 Design and Practice ————————————————- Occurrence Number: [Overtype your occurrence Number here] ——†”—————————————- Lab Group Number: [Overtype your lab group number here] ————————————————- Course: [Overtype name of course here] ————————————————- ————————————————- Student Name: [Overtype your name here] ————————————————- Student Number: [Overtype student number here] [overtype month and year here] London South Bank University Department of Urban Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Science and the Built Environment 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA www. lsbu. ac. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Template or any similar topic only for you Order Now uk Contents The tables of contents for main text, tables and figures below are created by field codes. Do not edit them, but press F9 to update them. This red text is non-printing text Contents2 List of Tables2 List of Figures2 List of Appendices2 Summary3 Chapter 1Introduction4 Notes on writing the report4 Notes on using the template4 Chapter 2Apparatus and experimental procedure6 ApParatus6 Experimental Procedure6 Chapter 3Calculations and results7 Chapter 4Analysis and Discussion8 Chapter 5Conclusion9 References10 List of Tables Table 1. 1 This is table title style5 List of Figures Figure 1. This is figure title style5 List of Appendices Type below the Appendix letter and title of appendix for any appendices you have created in the manner as per the example below. If you have not used any Appendices, delete this part of the contents. This red text is non-printing text Appendix ATitle of Appendix A Summary You need to provide a structured summary of no more than 200 words. Write up to two sent ences against each of the parts of the abstract as indicated below. Aim of the experiment: summarise the aim of the experiment Methodology: the equipment and methodology employed Results: key results obtained Conclusion: your thoughts on what you achieved Introduction This chapter should explain the aims and objectives of the laboratory experiment and then briefly highlight the theory and background of the subject, and the relevancy and possible applications of the experiment. Refer to and cite relevant references. You should provide an overview of what is to come in the rest of the report in the final paragraph. You should save a copy of this template for reference purposes as it provides instructions on how to use the template. You should then use the template by overtyping. The rest of this chapter provides instruction on the use of the template. You should print a copy of the template as it now stands and this will from your ‘instruction manual’ for using the template. The you can overtype into the template. Notes on writing the report The laboratory report must use this template, be readable, informative and supported by high quality diagrams, graphs, tables as required. Write the report in the passive voice (as you have been taught in communications classes. Pay close attention to grammar and spelling. Use the past tense for describing the test that was undertaken, and the present tense for the outcomes and conclusions, again, as you have been taught in the communications classes. Always complete your report in good time and give it a very good proof read before submission. Although the laboratory data, and maybe some laboratory observations, are the same for all members of your laboratory group, make sure that the report represents your own thoughts, and in particular, the calculations and results, discussion and analysis, and conclusions should be your very own. Do not copy anything from either the laboratory sheets, other people or other sources. This is theft (also called plagiarism) and will not be tolerated. You should never need to include quotes from other sources. We do not usually do this in technical writing. If, however, you think you have to copy a sentence from somewhere else, then you should make clear that it is copied by putting it in speech marks and quoting the reference source and include it in the list of references in the references section. Notes on using the template Styles This template uses styles The template uses styles and the following list summarises the names and specification of each style: Chapter heading (Style: Heading 1): verdana 12pt bold block capitals, keep with next line. Subheading (Style: Heading 2): verdana 10pt bold block capitals, keep with next line. Subheading (Style: Heading 3): verdana 10pt bold, keep with next line. Abstract text (Style: normal): verdana 10pt single line spacing. Main body text (Style: numbered para): verdana 10pt 1. 5 line spacing, paragraph numbers, one line spacing at end of paragraph. Bullet points (Style: bullet points: verdana 10pt 1. line spacing. Table text (Style: Table): verdana 9pt single line spacing. Figure title (Style: Figure Title): verdana 10pt bold, keep with next line. Table title (Style: table Title): verdana 10pt bold, keep with next line. Margins 2. 5cm all round. Page number at the bottom centre of each page. Styles are selected from the boxes in the home tab. Chapter numbers are generat ed automatically. Table and figure numbers need to be typed in manually. It is usual to number them with the chapter number followed by a full stop followed by a consecutive number within each chapter. To work with styles, you should work in WORD with the paragraph mark ( ¶) showing. Losing the paragraph number may occur if you hit the carriage return twice. Simply select the text where the paragraph number has been last and reselect the style â€Å"numbered para†. Tables and Figures To insert a table use the usual ‘Table’ option from the ‘insert’ menu, then select the table and convert it to the ‘Table’ style. To look neat, ensure the margins of the table are within the margins of the text and carefully choose which borders to mark with lines. Use ‘Table Title’ style for table titles. Table 1. 1 This is table title style | Description| Description| Row title| Data| Data| Row title| Data| Data| Total| total| Total| Figure titles use the Figure title style. The paragraph the figure is inserted against should be in ‘Normal’ style. Figure 1. 1 This is figure title style It is best to centre the figure, and to si ze it so that it is within the margins of the text. Note that every table and figure should be introduced in the text before it occurs. It should then be commented on and evaluated in the text after it has occurred. You are the writer, you cannot expect the reader to interpret the tables and figures: that is your job as the writer. Apparatus and experimental procedure ApParatus List and describe the apparatus and other relevant background equipment used to perform the experiment. A diagram or photograph with superimposed names of parts may help. Experimental Procedure You should describe the procedure that you followed to perform the laboratory experiment. In particular, mention differences from the anticipated procedure as described on the handout. For example, you may need to explain in finer detail than is described on the laboratory briefing sheet the complexity of operation of the laboratory experiment. You should detail the assessments of risk that may have been undertaken before undertaking the laboratory, together with the approach taken to minimise the probability of those risks occurring and the magnitude of any consequences of them occurring. You may also need to illustrate the experimental procedure. Calculations and results This section should report all essential calculations using the appropriate formulae and units. If there are repeated calculations, then show only one typical calculation on the data obtained from the experiment and present this result with the other results obtained from, for example, your use of a spreadsheet. Any detailed and lengthy calculations should be attached as an appendix. In this section, you are expected to present the data and results in tables, graphs, and the results from spreadsheets as appropriate indicating the major results obtained from such experiment. Analysis and Discussion In this section, which is the most important part of your report, you should present a thorough examination of your results and the behaviour of the test as well as tested materials, and you should compare that with the theoretical and ‘standard’ values and behaviour stated in related sources such as textbooks and manuals. You should also state the main outcomes in terms of your learning from the experiment and any reflections on your knowledge. Conclusion and Recommendations The conclusions should be brief and stated in concise statements based on your analysis and discussion. It is important to refer to the major findings and results by values. It may be suitable to mention here any possible improvements to the experiment and its outcome and any possible further work or investigations. References The reference list should contain an alphabetical listing of reference sources according to References should be in accordance with help sheet 30, available from the following url: http://www. lisa. lsbu. ac. uk/helpsheets/hs30. pdf. * * Appendix A Title of the appendix (For raw data, laboratory observations and detailed calculations). * How to cite Lab Report Template, Papers

Social Interaction in Everyday Life Essay Example

Social Interaction in Everyday Life Essay Social Interaction in Everyday Life Social interaction: the process by which people act and react in relation to others. Status: a social position a person holds Status set: all of the statuses that person holds at any given time Ascribed status: a social position that someone receives at birth or assumes involuntarily later on in life. Achieved status: a social position that someone assumes voluntarily and that reflects personal ability and effort Master status: a status that has exceptional importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life Role: behaviour expected of someone who holds a certain status Role set: a number set of roles attached to a single status Role Conflict: conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses Role Strain: tension among the roles connected to a single status Social construction of reality: the process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction Thomas Theorem: situations we define as real become real in their consequences Ethnomethodology: the study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings Dramaturgical Analysis: the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance Presentation of self: a person’s efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others Non-verbal communication: communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech. Personal Space: the surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to privacy Every person has many statuses at once, for example a teenage girl is not only a daughter to her parents but also a sister, a student, and a goalie on her hockey team. These statuses can change gradually over time, for example as this girl grows up she will become a wife, a graduate, a lawyer and a parent. People over a lifetime can grow to have many statuses. Some of these statuses are ascribed meaning that they are something given to you without a choice being given, such as being a daughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Interaction in Everyday Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Interaction in Everyday Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Interaction in Everyday Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Whereas some are achieved statuses meaning they are earned, like being a graduate from university. But there are some statuses that have more importance than others, these are called master statuses; these are statuses that influence and shape a person’s life. Roles are the behaviour that is expected of a person of a certain status. For example, being a mother includes not only being affectionate and loving your children but it also includes giving discipline and structure to the child’s life. These roles can be different due to circumstances and cultures. When a person who has a status, they also have a role set, which is a set of different roles that are linked to one status. At times, there are issues with people’s roles; there are times when roles can cause problems between multiple statuses, the term for that is called role conflict. Role strain is when there are issues between the roles of one status. People can â€Å"exit† roles as well, as people grow the can change their roles and create new ones. Dramaturgical analysis, created by Erving Goffman, is an analogy in which we are viewed like directors or viewers watching a play of everyday life. Each person’s performance is a performance of oneself. Non-verbal communication (NVC) is when people communicate with talking. Some examples would be like smiling and winking. Eye contact is another element of NVC, such as people lying, they tend to look away. Emotions are extremely important to people’s lives. There are six basic emotions: sadness, happiness, anger, fear, disgust and surprise. Emotions are guided not only by a biological basis, but also by cultural differences as well. Culture can determine the â€Å"trigger† for emotion. Culture is also a determinant of whether you decided whether a certain event is something sad or something happy. Culture not only is a determinant but it also regulates the value of emotion and whether it is proper to show emotion in public. Language is a crucial key to social interaction; it’s what allows us to communicate basic needs and the deeper meanings to things.

Mobile Entertainment for Your Automobile essays

Mobile Entertainment for Your Automobile essays To your left, you hear Boyd Tinsley on the violin and to your right you hear Leroi Moore on the saxophone. Behind you hear the bass guitar that Stefan Lessard commands, as the beating of drums continues from Carter Beauford. Nothing can compare though to the clear voice, that is right in front of you, of Dave Matthews. You swear he is sitting next to you in your Lincoln Navigator and as you drive, singing along with him you watch his performance on your LCD monitor from the DVD player in your dashboard. All of this you can experience in an SUV of your very own with a mobile entertainment system. Many people make mistakes when building their "dream" system, though from listening to me I can help you complete a quality, sweet sounding system you can purchase at your local entertainment store. First and foremost you need to choose a proper head unit. The head unit will house the video screen, process your sound, play your music and movies, and provide control over all your audio and visual settings. In my example, I will use the new Kenwood eXcelon KVT-910DVD because of the great features and quality components it holds. This might seem like a pricey unit to select, but you will soon know you are getting your money worth when you first pop in that slick sounding DVD. This unit is capable of playing all of your audio CD's, even those you make on your PC, and also will play any DVD movie you own. It features a motorized LCD screen which negates the cost of buying an additional video monitor and already places the screen in the perfect viewing area: directly in the middle. As far as audio quality is concerned, this Kenwood is well packed with great DAC's (Digital Audio Converter's) to process the sound and a high S/N (Signal to Noise) ratio to have almost no hiss heard fro m the speakers. All of this would not be complete without the extra Dolby Digital 5.1 and DTS processor to send your movie experience through the roof. Now to cho...

Algebra Definition

Algebra Definition Algebra is a branch of mathematics that substitutes letters for numbers. Algebra is about finding the unknown or putting real-life variables into equations and then solving them.  Algebra can include real and complex numbers, matrices, and vectors. An algebraic equation represents a scale where what is done on one side of the scale is also done to the other and numbers act as constants. The important branch of mathematics dates back centuries, to the Middle East. History Algebra was invented by Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, a mathematician, astronomer, and geographer, who was born about 780 in Baghdad. Al-Khwarizmis treatise on algebra,  al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr waÊ ¾l-muqabala  (â€Å"The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing†), which was published about 830, included elements of Greek, Hebrew, and Hindu works that were derived from Babylonian mathematics more than 2000 years earlier. The term al-jabr in the title led to the word algebra when the work was translated into Latin several centuries later.  Although it sets forth the basic rules of algebra,  the treatise  had a practical objective: to teach, as al-Khwarizmi put it: ...what is easiest and most useful in arithmetic, such as men constantly require in cases of inheritance, legacies, partition, lawsuits, and trade, and in all their dealings with one another, or where the measuring of lands, the digging of canals, geometrical computations, and other objects of various sorts and kinds are concerned. The work included examples as well as algebraic rules to help the reader with practical applications. Uses of Algebra Algebra is widely used in many fields including medicine and accounting, but it can also be useful for everyday problem-solving. Along with developing critical thinking- such as logic, patterns, and deductive and inductive reasoning- understanding the core concepts of algebra can help people better handle complex problems involving numbers. This can help them in the workplace where real-life scenarios of unknown variables related to expenses and profits require employees to use algebraic equations to determine the missing factors. For example, suppose an employee needed to determine how many boxes of detergent he started the day with if he sold 37 but still had 13 remaining. The algebraic equation for this problem would be: x – 37 13 where the number of boxes of detergent he started with is represented by x, the unknown he is trying to solve. Algebra seeks to find the unknown and to find it here, the employee would manipulate the scale of the equation to isolate x on one side by adding 37 to both sides: x – 37 37 13 37x 50 So, the employee started the day with 50 boxes of detergent if he had 13 remaining after selling 37 of them. Types of Algebra There are numerous branches of algebra, but these are generally considered the most important: Elementary: a branch of algebra that deals with the general properties of numbers and the relations between them Abstract: deals with abstract algebraic structures rather than the usual number systems   Linear: focuses on linear equations such as linear functions and their representations through matrices and vector spaces Boolean: used to analyze and simplify digital (logic) circuits, says Tutorials Point. It uses only binary numbers, such as 0 and 1. Commutative: studies  commutative rings- rings in which multiplication operations are commutative. Computer: studies and develops algorithms and software for manipulating mathematical expressions and objects Homological: used to prove nonconstructive existence theorems in algebra, says the text, An Introduction to Homological Algebra Universal: studies common properties of all  algebraic  structures, including groups, rings, fields, and lattices, notes Wolfram Mathworld Relational: a procedural query language, which takes a relation as input and generates a relation as output, says Geeks for Geeks Algebraic number theory: a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations Algebraic geometry: studies zeros of multivariate polynomials, algebraic expressions that include real numbers and variables Algebraic combinatorics: studies finite or discrete structures, such as networks, polyhedra, codes, or algorithms, notes Duke Universitys Department of Mathematics.